Specific Weight of Snow: Weight and Density of 1 m³
Snow is a form of atmospheric precipitation made up of small ice crystals. It falls onto the ground and is a common feature of the winter season.
In construction, snow is important as a load factor. This is especially relevant for roofs, canopies and other structures that may be affected by a significant snow load during winter.
When planning roofing work, it is important to consider the weight of snow in order to correctly calculate the load on the roof covering and supporting elements.
Snow Specific Weight Table
It is difficult to determine the exact specific weight of snow in field conditions. This value depends on moisture, temperature, compaction level and the age of the snow cover.
The table below shows average values for snow density and the weight of 1 m³ of snow.
| Type of snow | Specific weight / density, g/cm³ | Weight of 1 m³, kg |
|---|---|---|
| Dry snow | 0.125 | 125 |
| Wet snow | up to 0.95 | up to 950 |
| Fresh fluffy dry snow | 0.030–0.060 | 30–60 |
| Fresh wet snow | 0.060–0.150 | 60–150 |
| Fresh settled snow | 0.2–0.3 | 200–300 |
| Wind-packed snow | 0.2–0.3 | 200–300 |
| Old settled dry snow | 0.3–0.5 | 300–500 |
| Dry firn | 0.5–0.6 | 500–600 |
| Old wet snow | 0.6–0.8 | 600–800 |
| Wet firn | 0.4–0.8 | 400–800 |
| Glacier ice | 0.8–0.96 | 800–960 |
How to Calculate the Specific Weight of Snow
Specific weight is the ratio of a material’s weight to its volume. It can be expressed with the formula:
γ = ρ × gwhere:
γis specific weight;ρis density;gis gravitational acceleration, approximately 9.81 m/s².
The result is usually measured in N/m³.
Snow Density
Snow density shows how much snow mass is contained in one cubic meter. This value can vary significantly depending on the condition of the snow.
Fresh fluffy snow may weigh only 30–60 kg per 1 m³, while wet or old compacted snow can weigh several times more.
Why Wet Snow Is Heavier
As the temperature rises, snow absorbs water and becomes more compact. As a result, its density increases and the load on the surface becomes greater.
That is why wet snow is much more dangerous for roofs and canopies than fresh dry snow.
Conclusion
The weight of 1 m³ of snow can range from 30 kg for fresh fluffy snow to 950 kg for very wet dense snow.
For construction calculations, it is important to consider not only the presence of snow, but also its condition: dry, wet, fresh or already compacted.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can the density of snow be used for precise calculations?
The density and weight values for snow in this article are reference values. They are suitable for preliminary estimates, but design, construction, production and other critical calculations should be checked against standards, material datasheets or measurement results.
Why can the actual weight of snow differ from the table?
The actual weight of snow depends on composition, moisture, temperature, porosity, fraction size, material grade and measurement conditions. Because of this, real values may differ from the average table data.
How do you calculate the mass of snow from density?
For an approximate calculation, use the formula: mass = density × volume. If the density of snow is given in kg/m³ and the volume is in m³, the result will be in kilograms.