Specific Weight of Snow: Weight and Density of 1 m³
Snow is a form of atmospheric precipitation made up of small ice crystals. It falls onto the ground and is a common feature of the winter season.
In construction, snow is important as a load factor. This is especially relevant for roofs, canopies and other structures that may be affected by a significant snow load during winter.
When planning roofing work, it is important to consider the weight of snow in order to correctly calculate the load on the roof covering and supporting elements.
Snow Specific Weight Table
It is difficult to determine the exact specific weight of snow in field conditions. This value depends on moisture, temperature, compaction level and the age of the snow cover.
The table below shows average values for snow density and the weight of 1 m³ of snow.
| Type of snow | Specific weight / density, g/cm³ | Weight of 1 m³, kg |
|---|---|---|
| Dry snow | 0.125 | 125 |
| Wet snow | up to 0.95 | up to 950 |
| Fresh fluffy dry snow | 0.030–0.060 | 30–60 |
| Fresh wet snow | 0.060–0.150 | 60–150 |
| Fresh settled snow | 0.2–0.3 | 200–300 |
| Wind-packed snow | 0.2–0.3 | 200–300 |
| Old settled dry snow | 0.3–0.5 | 300–500 |
| Dry firn | 0.5–0.6 | 500–600 |
| Old wet snow | 0.6–0.8 | 600–800 |
| Wet firn | 0.4–0.8 | 400–800 |
| Glacier ice | 0.8–0.96 | 800–960 |
How to Calculate the Specific Weight of Snow
Specific weight is the ratio of a material’s weight to its volume. It can be expressed with the formula:
γ = ρ × gwhere:
γis specific weight;ρis density;gis gravitational acceleration, approximately 9.81 m/s².
The result is usually measured in N/m³.
Snow Density
Snow density shows how much snow mass is contained in one cubic meter. This value can vary significantly depending on the condition of the snow.
Fresh fluffy snow may weigh only 30–60 kg per 1 m³, while wet or old compacted snow can weigh several times more.
Why Wet Snow Is Heavier
As the temperature rises, snow absorbs water and becomes more compact. As a result, its density increases and the load on the surface becomes greater.
That is why wet snow is much more dangerous for roofs and canopies than fresh dry snow.
Conclusion
The weight of 1 m³ of snow can range from 30 kg for fresh fluffy snow to 950 kg for very wet dense snow.
For construction calculations, it is important to consider not only the presence of snow, but also its condition: dry, wet, fresh or already compacted.
Frequently Asked Questions
How much does 1 m³ of snow weigh?
It can weigh 30-60 kg for fresh dry snow and hundreds of kilograms for wet compacted snow. The article gives approximate ranges.
Why is wet snow much heavier than dry snow?
Wet snow contains water and compacts more strongly, so its density and roof load can increase several times.
Can average snow weight be used for roof calculation?
It can be used for a preliminary estimate, but design calculations must consider the climate region, snow load codes and actual snow condition.