Toluene specific weight: density, properties and use

Toluene, or methylbenzene according to another nomenclature, is a colorless liquid with a slightly sweet, strong aroma characteristic of varnishes and paints, and it is insoluble in water. It belongs to the class of aromatic hydrocarbons, or arenes, substances with a benzene ring and a special nature of chemical bonds. Along with benzene, it is one of the simplest representatives of this class.

Density and Other Properties of Toluene

• Toluene is a combustible substance and produces heavy soot when burning.

• Inhalation of toluene vapors can cause mild narcotic intoxication.

• It is less toxic than benzene because it is eliminated from the body after oxidation to benzoic acid.

• Like other aromatic hydrocarbons, toluene is lighter than water and does not dissolve in it.

• It dissolves in alcohols, ether and acetone.

• The structure of toluene is similar to benzene, except that one atom is replaced by the CH3 group.

• It enters two types of chemical reactions: involving the benzene ring or involving the methyl group.

Table of physical properties of toluene:

The specific weight of toluene depends on the temperature of the substance. The value above corresponds to a temperature of about 20 ºC.

Use of Toluene

Toluene, benzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons are used in the production of paints, varnishes and dyes. Some of them are used as physiologically active substances, for example in the production of plant care products and medicines. Toluene is a solvent for a large number of polymers.

A high percentage of toluene is present in R-4 solvent. In addition to aromatic hydrocarbons, the mixture contains 62% toluene, 26% acetone and 12% butyl acetate.

It is used as an additive in high-octane gasolines. It may be a component of explosives. It is also the main component of some solvents, a component of certain varnishes and printing inks, and a derivative in the production of benzoic acid and saccharin.

Health Hazard

Toluene is dangerous not only to human health but also to the environment. The substance enters the body through skin pores and the respiratory tract. Long-term exposure and accumulation of the harmful substance can cause serious diseases of the nervous system, such as encephalopathy. Toluene, like similar aromatic hydrocarbons, also has a harmful effect on blood and blood-forming organs.

Signs of toluene poisoning include nausea, dizziness, balance disturbance, and slowed consciousness and reactions. Prolonged and severe poisoning can lead to irreversible consequences and death. Toluene is a highly flammable substance.

Rules for working with toluene:

• use rubber gloves;

• constantly ventilate the room;

• do not inhale vapors;

• do not use open flame in work areas;

• store in tightly closed containers away from heat sources.