Acid specific weight. Acid weight in 1 ml and 1 m3

Acids are among the most demanded chemical compounds in human life. Existing in different aggregate states, they are found everywhere in everyday life:

• in the production of fertilizers and medicines;

• during petroleum product purification;

• in the food industry;

• in the production of explosive, coloring and cleaning substances;

• in drying and cleaning processes;

• in the production of storage batteries and other products.

Acids also play an important role in natural processes of living organisms. Below are acids that are often encountered in everyday life.

Hydrochloric Acid

HCl, or hydrogen chloride acid, more simply hydrochloric acid, is a colorless transparent caustic liquid, hydrogen chloride dissolved in water. When the concentrated substance comes into contact with air, it begins to fume.

HCl is widely used in metallurgy and electroforming. It is also found in food products as additive E507, an acidity regulator. In gastric juice it is present at a concentration of 0.3-0.5%, and as a medicine it is prescribed together with pepsin to normalize low acidity.

Concentrated acid can cause severe chemical burns. When working with it, safety rules must be followed and protective equipment must be used. It reacts with strong oxidizers to form toxic chlorine. The specific weight, or density, of hydrochloric acid is 1.19 g/cm3.

Sulfuric Acid

H2SO4 is a stronger acid than hydrochloric acid. The concentrated substance corrodes and chars most organic compounds and actively absorbs water. Under natural conditions it is a colorless oily liquid with an acidic taste and no smell. The specific weight of sulfuric acid is 1.84 g/cm3.

Its field of application is quite broad. It includes metallurgy, mineral extraction, fertilizer production, storage batteries, explosives, textile, leather and petroleum industries, and more.

According to statistics, of 200 million tons of annual sulfuric acid production worldwide, the largest share goes to mineral fertilizer production. Sulfuric acid itself is a caustic substance dangerous to human health and the environment. Exposure for 1 hour at a concentration of 0.18 mg/l is a lethal dose for living organisms.

Nitric Acid

HNO3 mixes with water in any proportion. In industry it is used to produce fertilizers, dyes, medicines, in organic synthesis, jewelry work and other fields. The specific weight of nitric acid is 1.51 g/cm3.

It belongs to hazard class 3. It is an extremely toxic substance that causes severe damage to organic tissues.

Orthophosphoric Acid

H3PO4 is an inorganic acid of medium strength. Under natural conditions it is a solid crystalline colorless substance. It dissolves well in water. An 85% syrup-like solution is usually called orthophosphoric or phosphoric acid in everyday use. It can dissolve in ethanol and other solvents. In liquid state, the specific weight of orthophosphoric acid is 1.685 g/cm3.

It is used in metallurgy, including soldering and anti-corrosion treatment, in the food industry as acidity regulator E338, for reducing acidity and preventing urolithiasis in animal husbandry, in dentistry as an enamel etchant before fillings, and in some tooth-whitening compositions.