Acid specific weight. Acid weight in 1 ml and 1 m³

Acids are among the most demanded chemical compounds in human life. Existing in different aggregate states, they are found everywhere in everyday life:

• in the production of fertilizers and medicines;

• during petroleum product purification;

• in the food industry;

• in the production of explosive, coloring and cleaning substances;

• in drying and cleaning processes;

• in the production of storage batteries and other products.

Acids also play an important role in natural processes of living organisms. Below are acids that are often encountered in everyday life.

Hydrochloric Acid

HCl, or hydrogen chloride acid, more simply hydrochloric acid, is a colorless transparent caustic liquid, hydrogen chloride dissolved in water. When the concentrated substance comes into contact with air, it begins to fume.

HCl is widely used in metallurgy and electroforming. It is also found in food products as additive E507, an acidity regulator. Hydrochloric acid is present in gastric juice, while medical preparations based on it should be used only as prescribed by a physician.

Concentrated acid can cause severe chemical burns. When working with it, safety rules must be followed and protective equipment must be used. It reacts with strong oxidizers to form toxic chlorine. The specific weight, or density, of hydrochloric acid is 1.19 g/cm³.

Sulfuric Acid

H2SO4 is a stronger acid than hydrochloric acid. The concentrated substance corrodes and chars many organic materials and actively absorbs water. Under normal conditions it is a colorless oily liquid with no pronounced odor; tasting it is dangerous. The specific weight of sulfuric acid is about 1.84 g/cm³ for a concentrated solution.

Its field of application is quite broad. It includes metallurgy, mineral extraction, fertilizer production, storage batteries, explosives, textile, leather and petroleum industries, and more.

Most global sulfuric acid production is used to manufacture mineral fertilizers. Sulfuric acid itself is a caustic substance dangerous to human health and the environment. The hazard depends on concentration, exposure route and contact duration, so work with sulfuric acid should follow the safety data sheet.

Nitric Acid

HNO3 mixes with water in any proportion. In industry it is used to produce fertilizers, dyes, medicines, in organic synthesis, jewelry work and other fields. The specific weight of nitric acid is 1.51 g/cm³.

Concentrated nitric acid is a dangerous corrosive substance and can cause severe chemical tissue damage. The hazard class depends on concentration and the regulatory system, so the safety data sheet should be checked for a specific product.

Orthophosphoric Acid

H3PO4 is an inorganic acid of medium strength. In pure form it is a colorless crystalline substance that dissolves well in water. An 85% aqueous solution has a syrup-like consistency and is commonly called orthophosphoric or phosphoric acid. In liquid form, the specific weight of orthophosphoric acid is about 1.685 g/cm³ for an 85% solution.

It is used in metallurgy, including soldering and anti-corrosion treatment, in the food industry as acidity regulator E338, for reducing acidity and preventing urolithiasis in animal husbandry, in dentistry as an enamel etchant before fillings, and in some tooth-whitening compositions.